Enhancing the area of a Raman atom interferometer using a versatile double-diffraction technique

IIn this paper we demonstrate a new scheme for Raman transitions which realize a symmetric momentum-space splitting of $4 \hbar k$, deflecting the atomic wave-packets into the same internal state. Combining the advantages of Raman and Bragg diffraction, we achieve a three pulse state labelled interferometer, intrinsically insensitive to the main systematics and applicable to all kind of atomic sources. This splitting scheme can be extended to $4N \hbar k$ momentum transfer by a multipulse sequence and is implemented on a $8 \hbar k$ interferometer. We demonstrate the area enhancement by measuring inertial forces

Double diffraction in an atomic gravimeter

We demonstrate the realization of a new scheme for cold atom gravimetry based on the use of double diffraction beamsplitters recently demonstrated in \cite{Leveque}, where the use of two retro-reflected Raman beams allows symmetric diffraction in $\pm \hbar k_{eff}$ momenta. Though in principle restricted to the case of zero Doppler shift, for which the two pairs of Raman beams are simultaneously resonant, we demonstrate that such diffraction pulses can remain efficient on atoms with non zero velocity, such as in a gravimeter, when modulating the frequency of one of the two Raman laser sources. We use such pulses to realize an interferometer insensitive to laser phase noise and some of the dominant systematics. This reduces the technical requirements and would allow the realization of a simple atomic gravimeter. We demonstrate a sensitivity of $1.2\times10^{-7}g$ per shot

Off-resonant Raman transitions impact in an atom interferometer

International audienceWe study the influence of off-resonant two photon transitions on high precision measurements with atom interferometers based on stimulated Raman transitions. These resonances induce a two photon light shift on the resonant Raman condition. The impact of this effect is investigated in two highly sensitive experiments: a gravimeter and a gyroscope-accelerometer. We show that it can lead to significant systematic phase shifts, which have to be taken into account in order to achieve best performances in term of accuracy and stability

Design of a dual species atom interferometer for space

Atom interferometers have a multitude of proposed applications in space including precise measurements of the Earth's gravitational field, in navigation & ranging, and in fundamental physics such as tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and gravitational wave detection. While atom interferometers are realized routinely in ground-based laboratories, current efforts aim at the development of a space compatible design optimized with respect to dimensions, weight, power consumption, mechanical robustness and radiation hardness. In this paper, we present a design of a high-sensitivity differential dual species $^{85}$Rb/$^{87}$Rb atom interferometer for space, including physics package, laser system, electronics and software. The physics package comprises the atom source consisting of dispensers and a 2D magneto-optical trap (MOT), the science chamber with a 3D-MOT, a magnetic trap based on an atom chip and an optical dipole trap (ODT) used for Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) creation and interferometry, the detection unit, the vacuum system for $10^{-11}$ mbar ultra-high vacuum generation, and the high-suppression factor magnetic shielding as well as the thermal control system. The laser system is based on a hybrid approach using fiber-based telecom components and high-power laser diode technology and includes all laser sources for 2D-MOT, 3D-MOT, ODT, interferometry and detection. Manipulation and switching of the laser beams is carried out on an optical bench using Zerodur bonding technology. The instrument consists of 9 units with an overall mass of 221 kg, an average power consumption of 608 W (819 W peak), and a volume of 470 liters which would well fit on a satellite to be launched with a Soyuz rocket, as system studies have shown.Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronom

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies.publishedVersio

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies

Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map

We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies

Développement d'un gyromètre à atomes froids de haute sensibilité fondé sur une géométrie repliée

Since the first proof-of-principle experiments, atom interferometry has developed rapidly thanks to the mastery of the techniques of laser cooling and of coherent two-photon transitions for manipulating the atoms. In this manuscript we present the development of a high-sensitivity Sagnac atomic gyroscope based on a "folded" configuration. The design of this new prototype was guided by the lessons learnt in the study of a first apparatus. The first part of this work consisted in the characterization of the first gyroscope and the study of its limits, in particular the bias fluctuations induced by the Raman laser beam wavefront distortions. This phase also included the development of a method using a seismometer to measure parasitic accelerations and then correcting for their effects on the interferometer signal, achieving good sensitivities even in noisy environments. Next, a new double-diffraction atomic beam splitter was developed and tested, allowing a significant increase of the area of an atom interferometer. The final phase of this work concentrated on the realization of the new gyroscope. We present the preliminary results of this experiment, based on a configuration using four stimulated Raman pulses. The initial characterization of the device confirms its promise for reaching higher sensitivities than ever before achieved for this type of sensor.Depuis les premières expériences de principe, l'interférométrie atomique a connu un essor important lié notamment à la maîtrise des processus de refroidissement d'atomes par laser et à l'utilisation de transitions cohérentes à deux photons pour les manipuler. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit le développement d'un gyromètre atomique à effet Sagnac de haute sensibilité fondé sur une configuration repliée. Les choix expérimentaux réalisés lors de la conception de ce nouvel appareil ont été guidés par l'étude d'un premier prototype afin de repousser ses limites techniques. La première partie du travail a consisté en la caractérisation du premier gyromètre et à l'étude de ses performances limites liées à la fluctuation du biais introduit par les défauts de front d'onde du faisceau Raman. Cet appareil nous a également permis de mettre en place une méthode de mesure utilisant un sismomètre pour mesurer puis soustraire les accélérations parasites du signal de l'interféromètre assurant ainsi un niveau de sensibilité intéressant dans un environnement perturbé. L'étude s'est ensuite portée sur le test de nouvelles séparatrices atomiques en double-diffraction permettant d'accroître l'aire d'un interféromètre. La dernière partie de ce travail s'est concentrée sur le développement d'un nouveau prototype. Nous présentons ici les résultats préliminaires de cette expérience fondée sur une configuration à 4 impulsions Raman stimulées. Cette première caractérisation ouvre la voie à des mesures atteignant des niveaux de sensibilité inégalés pour ce type de capteurs

iCasa, a development and simulation environment for pervasive home applications

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CARIOQA-PMP: Towards climate studies using quantum technologies

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